PHI – Employee Health Information

Representatives of an association ought to expect for their wellbeing data to stay private. Similarly as the legislature has thought that it was important to make laws to shield workers from separation, they have needed to make laws to defend an employee’s secured wellbeing data (PHI). These laws include: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHAct). While every law unequivocally secures representative wellbeing data, it additionally permits managers to utilize certain PHI to meet certain prerequisites of every law and to guarantee the security of workers. What is Protected Health Information? What is ensured wellbeing data? As per Davis and Salver-Malyska, secured wellbeing data is characterized as separately recognized wellbeing data transmitted electronically or kept up or put away on any electronic media (2003, p. 31-32). In the United States the HIPAA Privacy Rule permits bosses if going about as Plan Administrator to acquire certain PHI. It is highly unlikely around this, on the grounds that the chairman must ask the employee’s specialist to finish affirmations and give back the businesses. Organizations that have a HMO and furthermore have Workman Compensation, Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA), Short-term and Long term Disability plans will require the specialist or the representative to give clinical confirmations that help the requirement for the worker to be on leave or limited obligation. Under the FMLA, organizations are required to likewise get PHI for an employee’s relative is the leave is mentioned to deal with a wiped out or harmed relative. Different sorts of PHI gathered by managers incorporate, pre-representative physical data, medicate testing before work and arbitrary testing. This data is required as a component of the employing procedure or organization risk inclusion relying upon the idea of the business or occupation. As indicated by Cascio, the business is required to demonstrate if a leave is FMLA and the purpose behind the leave (2010, p. 9). Moral and Trust Issues At issue with each kind of PHI gathered or looked into there is the capability of the employee’s protection being undermined? On the off chance that organizations to not set norm, required approaches and methodology for those workers mentioning and dealing with the PHI, at that point there could be significant breaks. When the break as happened, an employee’s trust is d isintegrated. Administrators and bosses ought to be given preparing, as the majority of the data for Workman Comp, FMLA or STD claims is as of now gave to the employee’s the executives. In any case, even still, businesses can't legitimately solicit human services suppliers the nature from an employee’s circumstance except if the worker has given or consented to discharge the data. As per Colquitt, Lepine and Wesson, trust by a representative is their suggested and unequivocal consent to permit themselves to be helpless against a trustee (2009, p. 219). Simply the idea of PHI being made available to people who may not be dependable makes impressive trouble by the worker. A model, of troubled trust, would be a representative who is HIV positive, who is required to take a pre-business physical. While in principle and assumed practice, a business isn't to demand a pre-work physical until after the offer I made. In any case the representative would at present have sentiments of hesitance to permit the testing just to find a new line of work. Another model incorporates the representative who is secured by the ADA, where an organization must make sensible housing for the employee’s inability. Which implies the board and HR must pose the inquiry and spot into administration, the things or lodging they representative need to meet the anticipated desires. In January 2009, the Bush organization distributed refreshed FMLA guidelines. One key area explains the principles in regards to who may demand extra data about an employee’s FMLA certificationâ€and how it ought to be sought†. Suggestions as far as I can tell as a trough, I abstain from asking workers PHI with respect to them or their families. When you have workers who have little kids, old guardians and a debilitated companion, directors must guarantee that they never ask a representative â€Å"what is wrong†? In addition to the fact that HR should give preparing on fundamental prerequisites to Workman Comp and HIPAA. Every supervisor must set up protections to guarantee representative records are not traded off. My organization has built up a procedure that expels the need to confirm or survey clinical data for come back to work occasions. Workers submit things straightforwardly to a HR proficient and not to the director or administrator. By doing this it expels the chance of purposeful or oblivious infringement of the employee’s security rights. References Colquitt, J. A., Lepine, J. An., and Wesson, M. J. (2009). Hierarchical Behavior;Improving Performance and Committment in the Workplace. New York: McGraw Hill. Cascio, W. F. (2010). Overseeing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Davis, V., and Silver-Malyska, T. (2003). Bosses Liability for Use and Disclosure of Individual Health Information: HIPAA Privacy and Employer Functions. Advantages Law Journal, 16(2), 29-46.

Melatonin :: Pharmacy Neurology Sleeping Papers

Melatonin: The Myths and Facts Melatonin is a hormone delivered in the pineal organ. The pineal organ is about the size of a pea and is situated in the focal point of the mind (http://www.milatonin.com/melfaq.htm). Melatonin is emitted around evening time or in obscurity (http://www.ceri.com/melaton.htm). It is utilized to control the dozing cycle. It is additionally found to relate with a ton of different capacities and issues in the body. Due to its numerous utilizations, melatonin is being made by pharmaceutical organizations as a dietary enhancement. Individuals are utilizing it to get everything from fly slack malignant growth. There have been numerous investigations done on the impacts of melatonin. The main part of the examinations have been done on the impacts of melatonin on rest and on treating plane slack. The discoveries demonstrate that melatonin is demonstrated to be a viable tranquilizer and furthermore help ease fly slack. Melatonin is a substance that the general population is taking without being educated about its advantages, side or dose. Numerous organizations produce melatonin. There are two sorts of melatonin accessible, engineered or regular. It is prescribed to require some investment discharge recipe. It is the closer to the atomic make-up of melatonin and is made with pharmaceutical evaluation fixings. Common melatonin may contain creature parts through which infections and illnesses can be conveyed (http://www.teleport.com/~jor/#1). What is being said about melatonin Melatonin and Sleep Melatonin is utilized most regularly for resting inconveniences and fly slack. By varying the measure of introduction to delicacy and obscurity, there is a chance of abrupting the rest/wake cycle. It is accepted this change comes about because of fluctuating degrees of melatonin being created. Taking melatonin is thought to incite rest. It is found to work best when taken between twenty to forty minutes before sleep time. Low degrees of melatonin appear to block or upset rest (http://www.readysorf.es/lifeplus/fixings/p2.html). Without rising degrees of melatonin at night, it is hard to nod off (http://www.liberty.com/home/appaloosa/mel.htm). The pinnacle of melatonin creation seems, by all accounts, to be at 2:00 a.m. Melatonin levels rise when the sun goes down and decline after 2:00a.m. (http://www.ceri.com/melaton.htm). By taking melatonin tablets before sleep time, one can enhance their melatonin levels, making rest come all the more effectively and dozing all the more reliably. Melatonin and Jet Lag Melatonin is additionally used to mitigate stream slack. Fly slack happens in the wake of encountering fast, significant distance travel through various time zones. Different practices that produce side effects like stream slack are working throughout the night shifts, remaining up the entire night and working numerous movements.

Wiseessays Review

Wiseessays ReviewWiseessays is a task management software that enables you to improve your English composition by writing papers. It has an easy interface that makes it suitable for people with little computer knowledge. It also provides grading reports.Wiseessays provides a wide range of features like customizable sheet and word processing features, automatic email scheduling, comments, annotations, and project manager. This software can be utilized by every student who plans to write his papers. There are two modes: Quick mode and Advanced mode.Wiseessays uses WordPerfect 7 and Microsoft Office for its paper management system. The features of this software include; creating a new paper, adding material, correcting and rewriting material, editing papers, sending your paper to other students, displaying your work in different ways, creating a group, and copying and pasting material. All the features are very easy to use and they make it highly useful for all English students.Students who are planning to write their papers for exams and their papers for research can use this software for quick paper writing. It does not cost much and yet you can create as many papers as you want. You can organize your work by assigning different parts of your paper to different people so that you can easily find your work.This software works equally well for those who plan to write their papers for English or history class. It can be used for giving a lecture or even for giving a discussion session. The features of this software include; project manager, advanced mode, online help, grade distribution, and evaluation reports.The process of using Wiseessays is simple and straightforward. The use of computers does not affect the task because this software has features of word processors that make it compatible with computers. You can quickly search for things in the glossary, add new material, correct and rewrite material, and convert documents.You can even prepare term papers and essays at the same time. Wiseessays is perfect for both single and multi-term paper writing. You can submit papers to your professors directly through this software. This makes it the perfect solution for students who want to publish their paper online.When you want to use this software, it is very easy to use. You can search for materials and assign tasks to different people in one place.

A Reason Of The Native American Extinction - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 797 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Christopher Columbus Essay Did you like this example? Christopher Columbus background Christopher Columbus was a wool merchant, was born in Genoa, Italy who was born around 1451. When he was a teenager he got a job on a merchant ship. He remained at seeing until 1470 when French privateers attacked his ship as it sailed north along the Portuguese coast. The boat sank and Christopher Columbus floated on a piece of wood. He then ended up in Lisbon, where he studied mathematics, astronomy, cartography, and navigation. In the back of his mind was a storm brewing that would change the world forever. Christopher sailed to Northern America in 1842. When he arrived he was met by American Indians. Spanish and Portuguese explorers were in the south so English explorers focused on North America. A new world Christopher Columbus first sailed to the Americans in 1742 in hopes of reaching India to trade with them. He was intrigued by the hopes of reaching the rich lands of India by not traveling around the whole continent but by going across the globe. He had trouble convincing royalties to accept his ideas. His idea was finally granted when he was in Spain and asked the Royals. Spain wanted to get ahead in the race to India because of the tall tales about their wealth. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Reason Of The Native American Extinction" essay for you Create order First Colony La Navidad was the first European encampment established when one of Christopher Columbuss ships hit a coral reef and sunk. Christopher Columbus left 39 men. He packeted with the local shift to let the men stay there until he returned. Colobus entrusted his cousin Diego de Arana with running the settlement. The goal was to collect gold and wait for colobus to return. When Christopher Columbus and his new fleet returned the encampment was found burned and all men were killed. The personal belongings were found in local tribes homes. The chief said other tribes buried it. To the contrary, the chiefs mans brother said La Navidad went in search of women and mistreated them to there personal gains. Later evidence proved the people of La Navidad fought between themselves talking as much gold and women as they could. The camp was set alight after the tribes retaliated. La Navidad was believed to be located in Haiti. Columbus brought back many things from his first trip. He had to bring back items to prove that the Americas were worth exploring and by exaggerating the richness he would become more famous. One important thing Christopher Columbus brought back was twelve kidnapped Native Americans, two escaped. Christopher also brought back small amounts of gold, native birds, and plants to show the richness of the land. Later the people of Ontario(where La Navidad was)were extinct from enslavement and disease. Columbuss second voyage was in 1493 with a fleet of 17 ships and twelve hundred men and supplies to permanently establish colonies. The logistics of the second voyage where huge because they had to bring cattle, sheep, and horses. On board were priests, farmers, and soldiers. One of Christopher Columbuss goals on his second journey was to convert the nativist Christians. He stopped and explored many islands, Christopher captured and kidnapped many women. He brought back thirty Native American slaves and their chief who died on board. Colobus was having governing issues, he was mentally and physically exhausted. He has arthritis and his eyes had ophthalmia. He sent two ships to Spain asking the royal commissioner to help him give the colonies. The royal government handed all the power over to Francisco de Bobadilla. When numerous complaints from returning settelers because of mismanagement Columbus and his brothers were put in jail. Disease The main diseases that impacted the Native American people were Smallpox, Plague, Chicken Pox, Cholera, The Common Cold, Diphtheria, Influenza, and Malaria. Diseases is a huge reason why some Native American tribes died out.Native Americans had not been exposed to these illnesses there immune system was weak and sick people were not quarantined do diseases spread quickly. Some researchers believed since Native Americans did not domesticate animals they were not exposed to some of the sicknesses. Some native American tribes though because they were not Christian they were being punished. This belief came up because the Europeans were not getting sick. Native Americans had this belief that if they took a sweat bath. Trading Lasting effects Christopher Columbus was an influential person in shaping history. He did not discover America but he was the person who started decades more of exploration. Without Christopher Columbus, the world would have been a very different place. Native Americans might be the leading race in the Americas or disease later wiped out more of the Native Americans. Besides the controversial things Christopher Columbus did, he brought extinction to many groups of people. He opened the gate for many great explorations to America.

The Delicate Balance Between Innocence And Experience

The Delicate Balance between Innocence and Experience William Blake’s â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† in his Songs of Innocence is a literary masterpiece that is still relevant and impactful in the modern world. In lovely form and description, Blake explains the atrocities and hardships of the Industrial Age in a poem suitable for school-age children and with the beautiful simplicity that only a writer like Blake could produce. The Songs of Innocence is a look into the purity and wonderful outlook on life that children usually have. While in its counterpart, the Songs of Experience, Blake uses adults as protagonist. The Songs of Experience is a look at the effects that hardships and failures have on adults, therefore having a pessimistic outlook toward life. In his these two works, Blake produces a parallel universe between childhood and adulthood where the optimism of dreams of childhood and the bitterness and stagnation of adulthood never seem to know one another. The nar rator in â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† is a young school-age boy, who never tells the reader his name, which speaks of the selflessness of child. In the first stanza, the boy tells his brief life story and about his mother’s death that leads to his father selling him into slavery. In the rest of the poem, the boy tells the reader about the brutal conditions of slavery that he and his peers must endure. Specifically, the boy tells the readers about Tom Dacre, a boy who is struggling with the misery of working endlessShow MoreRelatedThe Stolen Party1168 Words   |  5 PagesStolen Party† Innocence is a precious gift that we all have at some point. In Liliana Heker’s ‘The Stolen Party’, Rosaura experiences a loss of innocence after attending her friend Luciana’s birthday party. Before the party, Rosaura is unaware of her social standing and she believes has been invited as a friend. Her innocent attitude is amplified while at the party when she demonstrates a sense of superiority towards the other guests. By the end of the party, however, her innocence is shattered whenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Daughter Of The Dancers 1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe Virtue Of Innocence Innocence is a glorified trait in nearly any culture around the world. Many strive to keep the innocence they are born with, and plenty others spend a lifetime attempting to regain the innocence they have lost with age. In the following photos, innocence is a common theme, which each photographer approaches in a unique way. There is a dull and unsettling truth behind the innocent demonstration of young ladies acting much more mature than their age. Manuel Alvarez Bravo isRead More Analysis of The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pageswhether it was morally right. He did so by using varying techniques that set up clashes between ideologies and reality. 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Although Golding’s story is confined toRead MoreEssay on A Two-Class Society Exposed in The Stolen Party1289 Words   |  6 Pagesher. Here we see that Rosaura’s mother is trying to make her daughter aware of the difference between Luciana’s family and her own family. We can presume that her mother has had an incident like this before in her life and wants to prepare her daughter for disappointment. Brandon Spontak states that Rosaura’s mother is not very educated . . . but has an instinct which only comes from years of experience that she uses to detect problems in life (89). As Rosaura’s mother tries to explain that LucianaRead MoreA Comparative Study on the Theme of East-West Encounter in Kamala Markandaya’s Possession and Anita Desai’s Bye-Bye Blackbird1589 Words   |  7 Pagesdrawbacks and the qualities of both the East and the West. She has tried to present the East in serious conflict with the West. But she plays the role of a neutral observer in her novels. In her novel possession, she presents the perpetual conflict between the Indian spiritualism and the western materialism. Caroline, a young British widow, comes to visit India. She meets a fourteen year old boy, valmiki. He is a painter in a south Indian village. He is poor and he paints on the rocky walls of the cavesRead More The Importance of Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagescoat on properly, he becomes frustrated with his clumsiness and flings it across the room, breaking some of the glass collection. Laura â€Å"cries out as if wounded† (42). This shows how fragile Laura really is and how she reacts when even the small balance of her apartment is shifted. Immediately Tom reenters the room in an attempt to comfort her. This incident brings to light Tom’s predicament of the impact of his leaving, which is that â€Å"Tom cannot escape until he finds the way to leave without shatteringRead MoreThe Role Of Women During The Enlightenment And Transcendental Period1637 Words   |  7 Pageswhile Fuller expressed the roles of women in a very almost excited, positive way. The roles portrayed for the women in each era differ greatly, from how they should behave to if they should even be allowed to be educated, really the only similarity between these two works is the fact that both women wrote them to help the young women in their society figure out where they fit in and how they should behave. Rowson was a writer during the Enlightenment period, a movement that eventually led to the RevolutionaryRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible2189 Words   |  9 Pages333). Since the reader progressed though Leah’s bildungsroman they realize Nathaniels inability to adapt created an individual worthy of a monstrous title. Another strong candidate in the reader’s mind is Ruth May, she is innocent. Crediting her innocence she puts things in terms of a five year old â€Å"Father says a girl can’t go to college because they’ll pour water in your shoes† (Kingsolver 117). Her character pulls on reader’s heartstrings, and at times when things go against her â€Å"I was a waste ofRead MoreArt Museum And Its Effects On Sexual History2572 Words   |  11 Pagesclear, and that is that our perceptions are so diverse. If diversity exists within us then isn t that a meaningful explanation for why individuals sexual preferences are so different? Human sexuality is the individual s capacity to have erotic experiences and responses. The individual’s sexual orientation influences their attraction for the other person. Thus, sexuality can also be perceived through one s thoughts, fantasies, desires, attitudes, values, and behaviors. Human sexuality in itself struck

The Irony Of Differing Perspectives - 1749 Words

The Irony of Differing Perspectives Till 1827, the idea of sobriety was practically non-existent in North-America . Taverns were open at all times of day and were a place of encounter for everyone – regardless of class, race and gender. Moreover, they facilitated ‘political negotiations, economic exchanges and interracial sociability . So, where did the idea of reducing alcohol consumption come from amid the booming socio-economic stability that taverns seemed to provide? Except for Peter DeLottinville who recounts the honest events that occurred in Joe Beef’s Canteen, the other authors claim that the temperance movement was used for ulterior motives than it appeared to be on the surface. For instance, in Glenn J. Lockwood’s Temperance in†¦show more content†¦During the period of time that the temperance movement was gaining momentum, the Catholic church hopped on board to speed up the process and gain as many converts as they could using their up until then secret weapon: Chiniquy. However, the hidden intention/objective was to regain the Catholic church’s popularity and confidence after Catholics were becoming outnumbered by the influx of Irish famine immigrants and wanted to become ‘more industrious and progressive’ (cite). Unlike all of the previously mentioned authors, DeLottinville does not imply that Joe Beef tried his best to alleviate problems of housing, job hunting, healthcare and labor unrest with any kind of hidden agenda. Beef genuinely cared for the welfare of the working class of Montreal and took it upon himself to represent/assume the voice of the casual laborers . In this case, the Middle Class was the one benefiting from the temperance movement as they were afraid Beef would succeed and have laborers demands adhered to. In the same way that Beef’s canteen was a place where ‘every grade in the social scale was represented’ (CHANGE), many other taverns were also used for both political and economic interracial exchanges and relationships. In other words, whereas taverns were used as tools to strengthen a sense of belonging and security, and often attempted to prove the worthiness of the lower classes, temperance was

The Achievements of Peaceful Protest During the Civil Rights Movement free essay sample

The Achievements of Peaceful Protests By 1968, full racial equality had not been achieved. Nonetheless, significant progress had been made in terms of: †¢ Education †¢ Transport †¢ Desegregation of public places †¢ Voting rights †¢ Employment †¢ Public Opinion Education †¢ The 1954 Brown case – established that a segregated education could never be an equal one. †¢ Although there were other legal victories which attempted to speed up integration, progress towards desegregation was slow. In 1957, 3 years after the Brown case which ruled that segregation was illegal in all schools, 97% of black students remained in segregated schools. †¢ Although the Civil Rights Act of 1964 gave the government power to force integration of education, by 1968 58% of black students remained in segregated schools. President Johnsons Higher Education Act of 1965 increased the number of black students attending college/uni during the late 1960s and 1970s Important points to remember: The Brown Case (1954) Civil Rights Act (1964) Higher Education Act (1968) Transport Interstate Transport An NAACP court case in 1946 successfully established that segregation was illegal on interstate transport †¢ CORE’s 1961 Freedom Rides – were necessary for a de facto change †¢ September 1961 – signs enforcing segregation were removed from interstate buses/bus terminals State Transport †¢ SCLC’s Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956) led to desegregation of buses in Montgomery and the NAACP’s legal case les to the establishment that segregation on buses was illegal (de jure) †¢ De facto change in the South was slow. We will write a custom essay sample on The Achievements of Peaceful Protest During the Civil Rights Movement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Civil Rights Act (1964) was necessary to give the government power to enforce de facto change. Public Places Sit-ins which began in Greensboro in 1960 = effective †¢ But some authorities took measures to avoid desegregation e. g. closed public parks †¢ Birmingham Campaign (1963) – protestors did not achieve full desegregation †¢ Civil Rights Act (1964) – forced cities to desegregate †¢ 1965 – 214 southern cities had desegregated Voting Rights †¢ Eisenhower’s Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960 were ineffective in guaranteeing black voting rights. †¢ 1963 – only 800 000 out of 20 million blacks could vote †¢ 1964 – Mississippi Freedom Summer †¢ 1965 – Selma Campaign. Voting Rights Act of 1965 = effective in the North 1965 – 6 million blacks were registered to vote †¢ Voter registration led to an increase in the number of blacks elected to governmental positions in the North Employment and Income †¢ During 1950s, black unemployment was approximately twice the national average †¢ Improvement during 1960s but full equality was not achieved †¢ Civil Rights Act (1964) – outlawed racial discrimination in employment †¢ Moynihan Report (1965) – highlighted that equality had still not been achieved †¢ 1968 – the average income of black workers had risen but it was still only 61% of the income of white workers Housing †¢ American Census (1960) – reported that 46% of blacks were living in ‘unsound’ accommodation †¢ Black campaigners put pressure on politicians to solve the problem of ghettos †¢ 1967 – 22 states had some form of fair housing law †¢ Fair Housing Act (1968) – prohibited discrimination in America’s housing market – fairly ineffective as maximum fine was 1000 dollars Public Support for Civil Rights Civil Rights campaigns of the early 1960s were highly effective in winning public support †¢ 1964 – 80% of the public supported the desegregation of education, employment and voting. But people still did not want to LIVE near black people – only half the public supported equal rights in housing Conclusion The Civil Rights movement transformed America. By 1968, segregation, where it still remained was no longer backed by the law. The federal government had new laws to challenge racial injustice. But there was still a long way to go before all Americans would be considered ‘equal’.

What were the consequences of Mohammad an Example by

What were the consequences of Mohammad not leaving an heir? Mohammad served as the source of religious, political and social authority prior to his death. His authority is widely accepted and recognized across the vast Muslim community. His death and the circumstances of his death had radical implications on Islam. His death marked the end of prophetic revelations (Dodge, 2003). By not designating an heir or specifying a system of selecting his successor, differences in perspectives over the rightful successor and the process of succession divided Muslims into Sunni and Shia. Need essay sample on "What were the consequences of Mohammad not leaving an heir?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Our Customers Usually Tell EssayLab professionals: How much do I have to pay someone to write my paper today? Essay writer professionals suggest: Winning Academic Essay Writing Delivered On Time Essay Writing Services Best Essay Writing Service Pay Someone To Write Paper Good Essay Writing Company Succession in the Muslim culture happens according to shura or the idea of consultation and representative selection (Stearns Oxtoby, 2002). This principle is highly revered because of its inclusion in several passages of the Koran. In practice, consultation and representation at the tribal level takes place through the tribal council in selecting the chief or leader (Dodge, 2003). The members of the tribal council are the selected members of the tribe and usually include representatives from the major and largest families or clans in the community. As such, the decision of the tribal council received acceptance by the community. The leadership of Mohammad is an extraordinary circumstance since recognition of his authority extended even beyond his own clan and community. Upon his death, no person can assume Mohammads authority (Stearns & Langer, 2001). Since there is nobody who can equal his authority, the selection of a kaliph who can continue to unify the Muslim communities was a problem. Apart from the problem of selecting a worthy successor, the selection process displaced the traditional principle of consultative representation through the tribal council. The immediacy of selecting a successor weighed on the people closest to Mohammad before his death that unorthodox methods ensued (Oxtoby, 2002). In addition, selecting a leader for the entire Muslim population is difficult when applying a system that operates at the narrow level of the tribe in Madinah. There are many clans to consider in various parts of the Muslim territory complicating the selection process. Although successors emerged through varied processes of succession, this became the root of armed conflict among Muslim clans and communities and the split between Sunni and Shia Islam. Right after Mohammads death, Abu Bakr, Umar Ibn Al-Khattab, and Uthman Ibn Affan three of Mohammads closest companions met in Madinah to help in selecting a leader (Oxtoby, 2002). The process involved the representatives of major clans in the community. However, no decision emerged because of differences in the views of the clans over the rightful successor, with the clans preferring a person from their own clan (Stearns Dodge, 2003). Through his influence, others acquiesced to the appointment to create a majority. Abu Bakr became the first kaliph. In opposition, the Hashim clan who make up the relatives of Mohammad firmly believed that the rightful successor should be of the lineage of Mohammad (Dodge, 2003). Their candidate was Ali Ibn Ali Talib, the first cousin of Mohammad and husband of Mohammads daughter Fatima (Oxtoby, 2002). They were a minority so it took a while before Ali assumed leadership. At this point, there was already deep-seated enmity between the followers of Abu Bakr and supporters of Ali. Before Abu Bakr died, he already appointed Umar, one of the three companions, as his successor (Oxtoby, 2002). Alis supporters were unable to elect their candidate. As the second kaliph, his caliphate lasted longer but the protests remained and he could not unite the clans of Madinah. He succeeded in conquering new territories such as Iraq, Iran and Syria (Oxtoby, 2002) but unable to quell the discontent of some groups in Madinah. Umar implemented a different system by appointing a six-member council to select his successor (Oxtoby, 2002). Two candidates emerged Uthman the last of the three companions and Ali. The bickering was intense but in the end, Uthman became the third kaliph possibly because of his wealthy status and reputation as one of Mohammads companions and supporter or Islam (Stearns & Langer, 2001). This is the third rejection of Ali and his supporters are growing more agitated. Uthman faced claims of abuse of his position and favoring his relatives (Oxtoby, 2002). This ended in his assassination. This time, Uthman did not appoint a successor or created a council. In an attempt to ease the civil strife, the male representatives of the clans in Madinah unanimously proclaimed Ali as the fourth kaliph (Oxtoby, 2002). His ascent into leadership established his followers, the Shia. He did not support the request of Uthmans relatives to avenge the death of the third kaliph (Oxtoby, 2002). This delineated the fissure between the majority Muslims supporting Uthman and Alis Shia followers. There was an internal disagreement between Ali and a group of his followers when Ali agreed to arbitrate conflict. This group called the Kharijis defected (Oxtoby, 2002). Throughout the troubles of this caliphate, Alis remaining supporters maintained Mohammads lineage as righteous heir and determined this belief as the Shia distinction. Alis sons Hasan and Husayn became his successors (Dodge, 2003). The Shia became a minority group that focused on religious zeal. This group believed the imam as the religious leader mandated by divine providence so that Alis descendents were the rightful imams (Oxtoby, 2002). This differed from the kaliph, a position that involved religious and secular authority. There were many sects of the Shia, but these centered on the fundamental belief in the Mohammads bloodline as the rightful successors (Stearns Oxtoby, 2002; Dodge, 2003). As a minority group, these attracted impoverished Muslims and non-Arab Muslims as followers (Oxtoby, 2002). These established Shia as distinct from the majority Sunni Muslims. References Dodge, C. H. (2003). The everything understanding Islam book: A complete and easy-to-read guide to Muslim beliefs, practices, traditions, and culture. Avon, MA: Adams Media. Oxtoby, W. G. (2002). World religions: Western traditions (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Stearns, P. N., & Langer, W. L. (2001). The encyclopedia of world history. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.

fate in homer essays

fate in homer essays Besides the Olympian family of deities, there exists the concept of fate, moira, asia, that which is pepromenon. It is referred to interchangeably as a concept and as personified being(s), or a daimon. This figure, as Dietrich puts it are of a superhuman nature and each continually in the epic poems exerts its influence over the actions, and thoughts, success and failure of the human characters fate, however, is not a condition of action or its cause. It is, by definition only apparent after the fact, unless a god has made it clear, and in hectors last speech to Andromache fatalism is not a view of the future but a way of not thinking about it In a majority of the cases in the Iliad, Moira is concerned with death. I wish to look at it context of its death association but it is also instrumental in determining a mans destiny, such as that of Aineas . J.S Clay sees moira as the over all shape of a mans life and can linguistically be used to denote ones share as of respect. Since death is the invariable lot of men, moira frequently means death, although, there are other such words used such as mori, and oloe, ones fated drstruction. The Iliad being a poem of war, the acquired meaning of death seems most pertinent here as death was the most natural meaning in times of war. On many ancient grave inscriptions found, the word moira is often combined with the word thanatos in the Form of thanatos kai moira Dodds asserts that Moira should be written mot with a capital M if associated with ones personal lot, without understanding why a certain thing happened, only when it is signified as a personal goddess who dictates to Zeus or a cosmic destiny like the Hellenistic Heimarmene. Although the Moirae are three, fate is one; and although each man has his own fate, it is nevertheles...

Knowledge based systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Knowledge based systems - Assignment Example Having a clear understanding of this technology poses a challenge given the fact that the term has been used to mean different things for different scenarios. An example is the fact that experts systems has been defined by some people as computer programs which make use of knowledge and inferences to solve a problem which could have been regarded as difficult if it was to be solved by human beings; perhaps difficult enough to require significant expertise (Martin, & Hoover, 2008). Yet others have defined as software which is created by bringing together and codifying the knowledge used by one or more experts and also which is also designed to perform a task which could require special expertise under normal circumstances. The last definition, at least for this paper, gives experts systems as programs which have reasoning by use of information which is symbolic in nature and use heuristics approach as opposed to algorithmic approaches; they are flexible at both runtime and design leve l. These definitions give a consensus which is broad in nature but gives us an ample scope for discussion as to the meaning of very key terms A knowledge base is special database that is used primarily for management of knowledge. It thus provides a means for the collection, organization, and retrieval of knowledge in a computerized manner. It also represents a collection of data which have related experiences and their results are related to their problems and solutions. This is a subset of the experts systems.

Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Case Study - Assignment Example Capital budgeting decisions fundamentally places strong emphasis on time value of money. In this regard, net present value method is very effective as it takes in consideration discounting of the inflow. The NPV of project Alpha was determined to be  £36,700 while that of project Beta was determined to be  £29,340. Both NPVs are positive but project Alpha has higher NPV, hence the firm should accept project Alpha. Accounting rate of return has been measured by establishing proportionate relationship between average accounting income and average investment for a specific period. The ARR of project Alpha was determined to be 29.39% while that of project Beta was determined to be 1.62%. The reason for low ARR in project Beta is significant investment in new purchases in the third year. Based on ARR, project alpha should be accepted. Additionally, payback period is least for project Alpha and based on the argument that a project with quicker returns should be accepted, project Alpha is better investment that Project Beta. Nonetheless, the overall assessment favours project Alpha over project Beta. Therefore, Project Alpha is a better investment (Froot and Stein, 1998). Capital budgeting decisions can be evaluated using discounted and non-discounted techniques: the discounted techniques comprise NPV and IRR method while non-discounted techniques include ARR and Payback period. NPV is referred to the difference between initial investment in a project and the discounted future net cash flows from the project. The NPV of a project ranges among positive, negative or breakeven (equivalent to zero). The first criterion for accepting a project is positive NPV as negative NPV indicates unfeasible project while zero indicates breakeven. The second criterion for accepting or rejecting a project is that an investment with highest NPV will be accepted. Discounting cash flows using a discounting factor, which

History and Impact of the Smart Phone

History and Impact of the Smart Phone INTRODUCTION This report is regarding the smartphone which is used nowadays worldwide. In this modern world, almost every person is using a smartphone, even kids know how to use a smartphone. With the help of computers and laptops, we are able to complete all our necessary works with the help of these. After the invention of smartphones, people think that, some of their work can be completed with the help of a smartphone. We can carry our smartphones where ever we go as we cannot take our computers. A smartphone provides us a wide range of facilities. We can say that a smartphone can be also called as a mini computer because it gives almost all our facilities which can be done with a computer. Smartphones are at affordable cost ranging from  £100 to  £900. Figure 1: Different smartphones HISTORY Smartphones has almost features like a computer. They have a great history. In the early years Simon was the first to develop a mobile phone with software and touch screen in the year 1994. In further Years different smartphones with different operating systems have been invented. Nokia came forward and invented its 1st smartphone in the year 1999. In 2003 Motorola launches its smartphone. Apple in 2007 invented its smartphone with IOS operating system. Now, there are many types of smartphones with wide range of facilities. OPERATING SYSTEMS Each company developed their own smartphone with their respective operating systems. There are abundant smartphones, buying a smartphone with a good operating system is also necessary. Each mobile company have their own operating systems. Android, IOS, Windows phone, blackberry are some operating systems of their companies. Samsung smartphones have Android operating system which was developed by Google. Android smartphones got a huge response and they have been sold in a large number. An another operating system with extraordinary features is IOS which was developed by Apple Inc. After introducing Apple Smartphones, they received a huge response. An another operating system which was developed by Microsoft is Windows phone. Every Smartphone company are developing day by day their operating systems and trying to attract their users as much as they can. Figure3: Different operating systems INTERACTION AND ITS APPLICATION APPLICATIONS, ITS USES AND EFFECTS ON SOCIAL LIFE: In the world of technology, each smartphone has a different operating system. In the same way applications are very important for the users as it provides all. Day by day new applications are developed and introduced in this world for the use of smartphones. A wide range of applications are available to all users nowadays, how smartphones are important the applications for the smartphone are also important. Applications which are available for us provides us a wide range of facilities like to buy or sell goods, internet banking, watching movies, listening to songs, playing games. Access to internet in smartphones gives us various facilities which can be done by using a computer. Before different applications were introduced it was difficult to use these kind of facilities which we are using these now. Communication is now an important aspect in our life, we can interact with people all over the world. With the use of social apps like facebook and twitter, we can get a lot of information what is going all round the world and in the same way it effects our daily life, as we are daily watching news many people got addicted to these social apps and lost their lives. Interest in games in a limit is acceptable, but some people make playing games as their habit and playing whole the day is not good. A recent game Pokemon go which was introduced now a days became popular, while playing we assume that we are in a real world inside the game, many people started playing this game and a number of people lost their lives too playing this game. Texting friends always has become a habit to many people and this may result affecting their studies too. Figure4 :Different applications in a Smartphone INTERACTION: The interaction design for Apple IPhone is very attractive when compared to the remaining smartphones. Apple IPhone has a very well user interfaced design and good usability compared to android smartphones. The first apple IPhone has been released in the year 2007, year after year they have been releasing new models with better interfaced design and introducing new updates. Figure5: IOS vs Android I would like to draw a contrast between IOS and Android devices. Android is available on many phones like Samsung, HTC, LG and Sony, were as IOS is available in iPhones, iPod, iPad. According to Simon hill, interaction design of apple iPhone is better than the android devices. He illustrated that the android devices have basic customizable home screens, app drawer, pull down notifications. Where it is perfectly uniform across all IOS devices. Apple, after undergoing major design its platform is bright and it has modern feeling. More people like to use Apple IOS devices because it has well designed user interface, its speed and its usability. But the file transfer in Apple devices is quiet difficult compared to the android devices where it is easy to transfer files to it. There is good Security in IOS devices compared to android devices. According to Pfeiffer, Apple IOS has been rated better in user experience compared to android. 3D BASED INTERACTION: Figure6: Figure showing 3d based interaction Now a days 3d based smartphone interaction is widely spread and people are enjoying it. According to Alejandro Rodriguez, these 3d capability, touch input and a very high compute power made smartphones attractive with visualization and a good 3D interaction. With these kind of 3d interaction people get attracted towards the smartphones and try to buy smartphones with 3D interaction. CONCLUSION: Well, I would like to conclude this report with some key points. Smartphones are important to us, but its usage should be in limit. Using it all the time will affect the humans very badly. As we have a number of uses from it we have too many disadvantages too. They are revolutionary which makes things very useful to the humans as it gives a wide range of facilities like talking to people all over the world, texting, games, internet facility, online banking, and etc.. But reports showed that many people are using smartphones continuously always checking their phones, texting and playing games. This may make our brain defective. All smartphones with respective operating systems are good with their software. All applications available in our app stores in our respective smartphone devices are almost good but some are harmful. In kinds of user interface I suggest that Apple IOS devices are good compared to the remaining devices. REFERENCES: Smartphone (2016). . In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone Bloom, P. (2016, November 14). How Smartphones are killing conversation. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from http://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_smartphones_are_killing_conversation Hill, S. (2016, October 31). Which smartphone OS wins 2016? Android Nougat vs. IOS 10 vs. Windows 10 mobile. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/best-smartphone-os Alejandro Rodrà ­guez Alejandro J. Leà ³n. Smartphone based intearction. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from http://www.digitalheritage2015.org/portfolio/smartphone-based-interaction Android vs iOS difference and comparison. (2014, April ). Retrieved November 23, 2016, from http://www.diffen.com/difference/Android_vs_iOS Nield, D. (2016, July 29). Android vs iOS: Which is the best mobile OS? . Retrieved from http://www.t3.com/news/android-vs-ios-showdown Pfeiffer. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from user experience report, http://www.pfeifferreport.com/v2/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/iOS7-User-Experience-Shootout.pdf DeGroot, Z. (2015, April 9). Smartphones replacing human interaction. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from http://collegian.com/2015/04/are-smartphones-replacing-human-interaction LIST OF FIGURES: Figure1: Smartphones. (2016, November 7). Retrieved November 23, 2016, from https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=smartphones Figure2: Smartphone (2016). . In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone Figure3: Smartphones with operating systems. (2013, May 1). Retrieved November 23, 2016, from https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=smartphones+with+operating+systems Figure4: smartphone with applications. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=smartphone+applications Figure5: Ios vs android. (2016, February 8). Retrieved November 23, 2016, from https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=ios+vs+android Figure6: Alejandro Rodrà ­guez Alejandro J. Leà ³n. Smartphone based intearction. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from http://www.digitalheritage2015.org/portfolio/smartphone-based-interaction

Love and Destruction in Alice Hoffmans Here on Earth :: Hoffman Here on Earth Essays

Love and Destruction in Alice Hoffman's Here on Earth Dangerous love was an attraction for March in Alice Hoffman's Here on Earth. The story suggests that her love is pure from the beginning and that she could only love her counter part Hollis. The twist and turns that this novel brings shows the doom that falls upon March and Hollis's relationship. The affection grows to lust and then to a need for their bodies. March and Hollis's need for the love of each other lead to each of their destructions. March begins with an attraction to Hollis that starts to break down her family life. March sees Hollis for the first time when they were both in their early teen years. March observes Hollis from a window on the first day and lays claim to him, "From now on, he's mine." (17). Hollis does not talk in the beginning of the novel. This lack of communication does not allow March to see his background. She finds out that later on in the novel that Hollis is a very angry man, "... of some other scorching scent, which March would later come to believe was anger." (19). This is a lead to March that danger is in loving Hollis. Huffman suggest that the love of Hollis and March will be difficult when Hollis became possessive of March. She was preparing for a night at the Coopers and Hollis was jealous of the relationship that she had formed. He became violent with March, "He was twisting her wrist; as soon as she shook free, she backed away. 'Leave me alone' she said." (27). Huffman knows that a love with one of the partners being jealous and possessive does not work and she makes that clear from the beginning. At that point Hollis leaves March angry while Huffman knows that love must not be built on the jealous rampage of one man. March spends years waiting on Hollis with hopes that he will return to her,"...before she knew it the pane of glass had become her universe, the empty road her fate." (28). March goes on to become another person but she knows in her heart that she will always love Hollis. This dooms her character to a life of sadness and regret. Her family is always different. March will never truly love Richard, her husband, and this strains their marriage to the extreme as the novel continues on, "I'll never be in love with you.

Indian Dairy Industry- Swot

Indian Dairy Sector- Overview & SWOT Posted by  admin  on Tuesday, July 31, 2012  ·Ã‚  Leave a Comment   inShare | Import of key items on the increase to meet shortage| Import of dairy items during April 2009-February 2010 surged by a massive 275. 5 per cent to Rs 284. 88 crore. | | In April 2008-February 2009, import of milk and other dairy products was only Rs 75. 86 crore. | The dairy products imports mainly comprise skimmed milk powder and butter oil brought in by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)  to meet shortfall  in milk procurement of its subsidiary, Mother Dairy, and other co-operatives.With their procurement lagging behind, liquid milk supplies have been affected in many States. B L 180510| SWOT ANALYSIS OF INDIAN DAIRY INDUSTRY| Strengths:| * Demand profile: Absolutely optimistic. | * Margins: Quite reasonable, even on packed liquid milk. | * Flexibility of product mix: Tremendous. With balancing equipment, you can keep on adding to your product line . | * Availability of raw material: Abundant. Presently, more than 80 per cent of milk produced is flowing into the unorganized sector, which requires proper channelization. * Technical manpower: Professionally-trained, technical human resource pool, built over last 30 years. | Weaknesses:| * Perishability: Pasteurization has overcome this weakness partially. UHT gives milk long life. Surely, many new processes will follow to improve milk quality and extend its shelf life. | Lack of control over yield: Theoretically, there is little control over milk yield. However, increased awareness of developments like embryo transplant, artificial insemination and properly managed animal husbandry practices, coupled with higher income to rural milk producers should automatically lead to improvement in milk yields. Logistics of procurement: Woes of bad roads and inadequate transportation facility make milk procurement problematic. But with the overall economic improvement in India, these problem s would also get solved. | Problematic distribution: Yes, all is not well with distribution. But then if ice creams can be sold virtually at every nook and corner, why can’t we sell other dairy products too? Moreover, it is only a matter of time before we see the emergence of a cold chain linking the producer to the refrigerator at the consumer’s home! Competition: With so many newcomers entering this industry, competition is becoming tougher day by day. But then competition has to be faced as a ground reality. The market is large enough for many to carve out their niche. | Opportunities:| â€Å"Failure is never final, and success never ending†. Dr Kurien bears out this statement perfectly. He entered the industry when there were only threats. He met failure head-on, and now he clearly is an example of ‘never ending success’!If dairy  entrepreneurs  are looking for opportunities in India, the following areas must be tapped:| * Value addition: Th ere is a phenomenal scope for innovations in product development, packaging and presentation. Given below are potential areas of value addition:| * Steps should be taken to introduce value-added products like shrikhand, ice creams, paneer, khoa, flavored milk, dairy sweets, etc. This will lead to a greater presence and flexibility in the market place along with opportunities in the field of brand building. * Addition of cultured products like yoghurt and cheese lend further strength – both in terms of utilization of resources and presence in the market place. | A lateral view opens up opportunities in milk proteins through casein, caseinates and other dietary proteins, further opening up export opportunities. | Yet another aspect can be the addition of infant foods, geriatric foods and nutritionals. | Export potential: Efforts to exploit export potential are already on. Amul is exporting to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nigeria, and the Middle East.Following the new GATT treaty, opp ortunities will increase tremendously for the export of agri-products in general and dairy products in particular. | Threats:| Milk vendors, the un-organized sector: Today milk vendors are occupying the pride of place in the industry. Organized dissemination of information about the harm that they are doing to producers and consumers should see a steady decline in their importance. | The study of this SWOT analysis shows that the ‘strengths’ and ‘opportunities’ far outweigh ‘weaknesses’ and ‘threats’.Strengths and opportunities are fundamental and weaknesses and threats are transitory. Any investment idea can do well only when you have three essential ingredients: entrepreneurship (the ability to take risks), innovative approach (in product lines and marketing) and values (of quality/ethics). | The Indian dairy industry, following its delicensing, has been attracting a large number of entrepreneurs. Their success in dairying depend s on factors such as an efficient yet economical procurement network, hygienic and cost-effective processing facilities and innovativeness in the market place. |

Rape A More Heinous Crime Than Murder - 1062 Words

We live in a Society that teaches one to be careful, not to get raped instead of teaching NOT TO RAPE. Rape is the most humiliating thing that can be done, it s the most vulnerable that can be. It is a more heinous crime than murder. Each rape event is a different case and the motives behind it could be completely different, but in all cases the rape will happen to satisfy a certain psychological need. Nearly 1 in 5 or 22 million women and 1 in 71 or almost 1.6 million men have been raped during their lifetimes. About 80% of female victims experienced their first rape before the age of 25, almost half experienced their first rape before age 18, and about 35% of women who were raped as minors were also raped as adults. Around 28% of†¦show more content†¦Because of these beliefs some men start to want that kind of domination in order to feel manlier. Therefore some men rape women in order to assert their manhood especially if they have doubts about their own masculinity. Power rapists are less impulsive and rely on psychological manipulation more than physical violence to control and sexually assault their victims. â€Å"A power rapist is motivated by his need to control and dominate his victim, and inversely, to avoid being controlled by the victim, describes Dr. Lisak. (Causes, Statistics Sex Assault Types. 2015) About 44% of rapes fall under this category, luckily this is one of the least violent types of rape. Anger Retaliation Rapists are different because the Rapist wants to punish their victim. They express their hatred for their victim through physical violence and horrid language. For these rapists, sex is a weapon to humiliate and degrade the victim. This rapist considers rape the ultimate offense they can commit against the victim, their objective is to injure the victim and hospitalize them. About 67% of rape or sexual assault victims know the offender. Some Rapists will rape women in order to get revenge from a specific woman or even a women who resembles one who showed power over him, because men want to feel superior to women but some of them have low self confidence issues which forces them to believe that they are below women. In such a case a man